Karl Marx was a Jewish, German-born philosopher, economist, political theorist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist
Isaac Asimov was an acclaimed American author, renowned for his prolific contributions to the science fiction and popular science genres.
Michel de Montaigne was a celebrated French philosopher and author, renowned for pioneering the essay as a literary genre.
Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist who significantly influenced modern social theory and developed the concept of bureaucracy.
Laurence Sterne was an 18th-century Irish-born English writer, known for his satirical novel "The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman", which broke new ground in narrative form and humor.
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher and historian whose groundbreaking work on power, knowledge, and social institutions profoundly influenced modern thought.
Stuart Hall was a Jamaican-British cultural theorist who significantly influenced British cultural studies, sociology, and media theory.
William of Ockham was a medieval philosopher and theologian known for his principle of parsimony, or "Occam's Razor," which emphasizes simplicity and skepticism in problem-solving.
Philipp Melanchthon was a German theologian, reformer, and scholar who played a pivotal role in shaping the Lutheran Reformation alongside Martin Luther.
William Tyndale was a pioneering English scholar and translator who produced the first English Bible, defying Catholic Church authority.
Doğu Perinçek is a Turkish politician, journalist, and former leader of the Patriotic Party, known for his nationalist and socialist views.
Ahmet Davutoğlu is a Turkish politician and former Prime Minister of Turkey who championed neo-Ottomanism and shaped the country's foreign policy.
Ali Babacan is a Turkish politician and economist who served as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and Minister of Economy.
Juan Luis Vives was a Spanish Renaissance scholar, philosopher, and humanist who championed education reform and critical thinking in 16th-century Europe.
John Milton was a renowned English epic poet, best known for his masterpiece "Paradise Lost", which shaped the literary landscape of the 17th century.
Gottfried Leibniz was a German philosopher and mathematician who co-developed calculus and shaped modern philosophy with his rationalist ideas.
Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who developed a comprehensive metaphysical system, blending rationalism and mysticism.
Frances Wright was a Scottish-American social reformer, abolitionist, and women's rights advocate who championed radical change in the early 19th century.
Oliver Goldsmith was an Anglo-Irish novelist, playwright, and poet who charmed 18th-century Europe with his witty, satirical works.
Girolamo Cardano was a Renaissance Italian mathematician, physician, and gambler who invented the Cardan grille and wrote seminal works on probability and algebra.
Qian Mu was a renowned Chinese historian, philosopher, and educator, whose works significantly influenced modern Chinese historiography.
T.S. Eliot was a distinguished American-born English poet, playwright, and literary critic, best known for his groundbreaking works that revolutionized modernist poetry.
Marcel Duchamp was a French-American artist whose groundbreaking work in the Dada and Surrealist movements revolutionized the art world.
Emperor Kammu was the 50th emperor of Japan, known for consolidating power and unifying the country under his rule.
Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher, known as the "father of modern science" for his groundbreaking ideas on atomism and the nature of reality.
Jorge Amado was a Brazilian writer renowned for his literary works that captured the essence of Brazilian culture and society.
Adlai Stevenson was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat who served as the 5th U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and twice as a presidential candidate.
Ted Cruz is a prominent American politician and lawyer, serving as a U.S. Senator from Texas since 2013.