Theodore Adorno was a visionary philosopher, sociologist, and musicologist, known for critiquing capitalism and modern culture.
Jacques Derrida was a renowned philosopher, influential in establishing deconstruction, probing the complexities of language and meaning.
Judith Butler is a renowned American philosopher and gender theorist whose groundbreaking work on gender performativity has shaped contemporary feminist and queer theory.
Edward Said was a renowned Palestinian-American literary theorist and cultural critic who advocated for Palestinian rights and coined the term "Orientalism" to examine Eurocentric views in academia.
Walter Benjamin was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and essayist, known for his unique insights into the modern world and his contributions to the fields of aesthetics, literature, and cultural theory.
Roland Barthes was a French literary theorist, philosopher, and semiotician, whose groundbreaking works on cultural and media analysis greatly influenced post-structuralist thought.
Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist and philosopher who critically analyzed power structures, cultural reproduction, and social class, profoundly influencing social theory.
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher and historian whose groundbreaking work on power, knowledge, and social institutions profoundly influenced modern thought.
Stuart Hall was a Jamaican-British cultural theorist who significantly influenced British cultural studies, sociology, and media theory.
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is a prominent Indian literary theorist and feminist, known for coining the term "subaltern studies" and challenging postcolonial discourse.
Qian Mu was a renowned Chinese historian, philosopher, and educator, whose works significantly influenced modern Chinese historiography.
Raymond Williams was a prominent British cultural critic and literary theorist, whose works significantly shaped the fields of cultural studies and sociology.