Adolf Hitler was a German political leader who rose to power in the 1930s and became the dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Born on April 20, 1889, in Austria, Hitler grew up with an interest in art and politics. He joined the German Workers' Party (later renamed the Nazi Party) in 1919 and quickly became its leader. In 1923, Hitler attempted a coup in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch, for which he was imprisoned. While in prison, he wrote "Mein Kampf" (My Struggle), detailing his political ideology and plans for Germany. After his release, Hitler gained popularity and support, eventually becoming the Chancellor of Germany in 1933. He then began to consolidate power, transforming Germany into a totalitarian state and launching an expansionist foreign policy. Under his rule, Germany invaded Poland in 1939, sparking World War II. Hitler's regime was marked by its extreme nationalism, anti-Semitism, and genocidal policies, most notably the Holocaust, Hitler's Third Reich collapsed in 1945.