John Hancock signed the Declaration of Independence boldly primarily due to his role as the President of the Second Continental Congress when the Declaration was adopted. He was the first one to sign the document, and he did so in a large, bold handwriting. The tale often told is that he wanted his signature to be seen clearly by King George III of England without the aid of spectacles, symbolizing his defiance, but this is more of folklore than documentable fact. A large signature was not uncommon for formal and important documents during this time period, and it displayed his full support and commitment to the cause of American independence. His signature has since become iconic as a symbol of American independence and defiance to tyranny.
John Hancock was closely allied with several key figures of the American Revolution and early American politics. Some of his most influential allies were:
Samuel Adams: A fellow Bostonian and one of the most vociferous Patriots, Samuel Adams was a close ally and friend to John Hancock. Together, they played instrumental roles in organizing protests against British tax imposition like the Stamp Act, and they were both key figures in the rapid spread of revolutionary ideas in the American colonies.
Thomas Jefferson: The author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson shared Hancock’s vision of an independent America and counted on Hancock's influence in rallying other delegates at the Continental Congress.
John Adams: Despite occasional political differences, John Adams and John Hancock were allies, fundamentally united by their shared dedication to American independence. Their shared Massachusetts roots played a role in their alliance.
James Otis Jr.: An early advocate of the political views that led to the American Revolution, Otis was a key influence on Hancock's political development.
Paul Revere: Though primarily known for his "Midnight Ride," Revere was a political ally and friend to Hancock, warning him and Samuel Adams of the approaching British forces.
Remember, political alliances in these historical contexts were often fluid. While these people were allies to Hancock to various extents, they had disagreements and divergences over time.
John Hancock, like many American colonists in his time, grew increasingly concerned and dissatisfied with British rule over the American colonies, particularly after the 1760s. He was initially a somewhat reluctant revolutionary; his business interests involved considerable trade with Britain, so the disruptions caused by protests against the British were not necessarily in his financial interest.
The British imposition of taxes without the colonists' consent, however, was seen as a significant infringement on their rights. From the Stamp Act in 1765 to the Townshend Acts in 1767, which placed duties on goods including tea, John Hancock became more involved in revolutionary groups disputing these taxes.
The incident that cemented Hancock's opposition to British rule was the seizure of his ship, the Liberty, in 1768. British officials claimed he was smuggling goods to avoid paying duties, a charge he denied. The outrage over the seizure led to riots, and propelled Hancock into a leading role among American Revolutionaries. He became president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress and was later elected President of the Continental Congress, during which he famously signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
In summary, John Hancock's views evolved over time from a somewhat reluctant participant in protests against British rule to a central figure in the American Revolution. His opposition to the British was driven by what he and fellow colonists perceived as the infringement of their rights, particularly in the form of taxation without representation.