Theodore Adorno was a visionary philosopher, sociologist, and musicologist, known for critiquing capitalism and modern culture.
Jean-Paul Sartre was a renowned French philosopher, famed for his existentialist thoughts and contributions to 20th-century literature and philosophy.
Judith Butler is a renowned American philosopher and gender theorist whose groundbreaking work on gender performativity has shaped contemporary feminist and queer theory.
Otto Kirchheimer was a German-American political scientist and legal scholar known for his contributions to the study of authoritarian regimes and the rule of law.
Erich Fromm was a German-American social psychologist and philosopher who significantly impacted the fields of humanistic psychology and psychoanalysis, advocating for individual freedom and societal change.
Leo Lowenthal was a German-American sociologist and critical theorist who significantly contributed to the study of mass culture and its effects on society.
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher and historian whose groundbreaking work on power, knowledge, and social institutions profoundly influenced modern thought.
Stuart Hall was a Jamaican-British cultural theorist who significantly influenced British cultural studies, sociology, and media theory.
Herbert Marcuse, a German-American philosopher and sociologist, was a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School, known for his critical theory and advocacy for radical politics, influencing the New Left movement.
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak is a prominent Indian literary theorist and feminist, known for coining the term "subaltern studies" and challenging postcolonial discourse.
Max Horkheimer was a German philosopher and sociologist who co-founded the influential Frankfurt School, a critical theory institution that analyzed society and culture through a Marxist lens.
Susan Haack is a renowned philosopher and logician, whose groundbreaking work in the philosophy of science, logic, and language has significantly impacted contemporary thought.