Christopher Columbus was a 15th-century Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic, shaping world history.
Juan Ponce de León was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first European expedition to Florida and the southeastern United States.
Vasco Núñez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who discovered the Pacific Ocean from the New World in 1513.
Diogo Cão was a Portuguese explorer who discovered the Congo River and mapped much of West Africa's coastline in the 15th century.
Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese explorer and navigator who discovered Brazil in 1500, establishing a new trade route to Asia.
Girolamo Cardano was a Renaissance Italian mathematician, physician, and gambler who invented the Cardan grille and wrote seminal works on probability and algebra.
Henry Hudson was an English explorer who navigated the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans in search of a Northwest Passage to Asia.
Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher, known as the "father of modern science" for his groundbreaking ideas on atomism and the nature of reality.
Humphry Davy was a renowned British chemist who pioneered electrochemistry, discovered several elements, and invented the Davy lamp.