Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
Michel Foucault was a French philosopher and historian whose groundbreaking work on power, knowledge, and social institutions profoundly influenced modern thought.
William of Ockham was a medieval philosopher and theologian known for his principle of parsimony, or "Occam's Razor," which emphasizes simplicity and skepticism in problem-solving.
Edmund Husserl was a German philosopher regarded as the founder of phenomenology, a method of philosophical inquiry that emphasizes subjective experience.
Gottfried Leibniz was a German philosopher and mathematician who co-developed calculus and shaped modern philosophy with his rationalist ideas.
Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who developed a comprehensive metaphysical system, blending rationalism and mysticism.
Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher, known as the "father of modern science" for his groundbreaking ideas on atomism and the nature of reality.
Nicholas Rescher is a distinguished philosopher, prolific author, and former university president known for his contributions to the fields of logic, metaphysics, and epistemology.
Susan Haack is a renowned philosopher and logician, whose groundbreaking work in the philosophy of science, logic, and language has significantly impacted contemporary thought.
Hilary Putnam was an American philosopher and mathematician, renowned for his work in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and philosophy of science.
Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher of the 17th century whose groundbreaking ideas on metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics continue to influence modern philosophy.
Peter Geach was a renowned British philosopher and logician, known for his extensive contributions to the fields of linguistics, philosophy of language, and logic.
G.E. Moore was an influential British philosopher known for his contributions to ethics, metaphysics, and epistemology.
Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, philosopher, and physician whose extensive works laid foundations in various fields, including medicine, philosophy, and logic.
Rudolf Carnap was a German philosopher known for his significant contributions to logic, philosophy of science, and linguistic analysis.
Paul Feyerabend was an Austrian-born philosopher of science who challenged conventional notions of scientific method and progress.
Robert Nozick was an influential American philosopher known for his groundbreaking work on political philosophy, including his defense of minarchism and critique of state power.