Mário de Andrade was a Brazilian poet, novelist, musicologist, and anthropologist who played a crucial role in the Brazilian modernist movement.
John G. Paton was a Scottish missionary and ethnologist who dedicated his life to spreading Christianity and preserving the culture of the South Sea Islanders.
Boris Porshnev was a Soviet anthropologist known for his extensive research on Neanderthals and the origins of hominids.
Lev Gumilev was a Russian historian, ethnologist, and philosopher who developed the theory of ethno genesis and explored the origins of national identity.
Dell Hymes was an influential linguist and anthropologist, renowned for his contributions to ethnography of communication and development of the concept of communicative competence.