Theodore Adorno was a visionary philosopher, sociologist, and musicologist, known for critiquing capitalism and modern culture.
Walter Benjamin was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and essayist, known for his unique insights into the modern world and his contributions to the fields of aesthetics, literature, and cultural theory.
Otto Kirchheimer was a German-American political scientist and legal scholar known for his contributions to the study of authoritarian regimes and the rule of law.
Erich Fromm was a German-American social psychologist and philosopher who significantly impacted the fields of humanistic psychology and psychoanalysis, advocating for individual freedom and societal change.
Leo Lowenthal was a German-American sociologist and critical theorist who significantly contributed to the study of mass culture and its effects on society.
Herbert Marcuse, a German-American philosopher and sociologist, was a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School, known for his critical theory and advocacy for radical politics, influencing the New Left movement.
Max Horkheimer was a German philosopher and sociologist who co-founded the influential Frankfurt School, a critical theory institution that analyzed society and culture through a Marxist lens.
Franz Neumann was a German-American political scientist, economist, and lawyer, whose theories on totalitarianism and influence on the New Deal era greatly impacted 20th-century political thought.