Theodore Adorno was a visionary philosopher, sociologist, and musicologist, known for critiquing capitalism and modern culture.
Ludwig Wittgenstein was a pioneering philosopher, renowned for influence on linguistic theory and logic in the 20th century.
Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, historian, and social scientist who co-founded Marxism with Karl Marx, shaping the course of modern socialism.
Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist who significantly influenced modern social theory and developed the concept of bureaucracy.
Hannah Arendt was a German-American political theorist known for her groundbreaking work on totalitarianism and the nature of power.
Franz Neumann was a German-American political scientist, economist, and lawyer, whose theories on totalitarianism and influence on the New Deal era greatly impacted 20th-century political thought.
Wilhelm von Humboldt was a German philosopher, linguist, and statesman instrumental in founding the Humboldt University of Berlin and advancing the field of comparative linguistics.