Ivan the Terrible was a potent czar of Russia, known for transforming it into a multiethnic empire with his ruthless reign.
King John of England was an unpopular and ineffective ruler whose reign led to the signing of the Magna Carta, a significant milestone in the history of democracy.
Philip the Bold was a 14th-century French nobleman and military leader, known for his courage and strategic prowess, who played a significant role in shaping the future of Burgundy.
Henry II was a formidable English king, consolidating power and centralizing governance, laying the foundation for modern England.
Edward II, son of Edward I, was the English king who reigned from 1307 to 1327, remembered for his tumultuous rule and military failures.
Henry IV was the King of England from 1399 to 1413, notable for his usurpation of the throne from his cousin Richard II and his successful consolidation of power.
Otto I was a Holy Roman Emperor and the founder of the Ottonian dynasty, whose reign marked the beginning of a period of German dominance in Central Europe.
Rudolf I was a Habsburg ruler and the first Habsburg elected as Holy Roman Emperor, laying the foundation for the Habsburg Monarchy's future dominance.
Tughril Beg was a prominent ruler of the Seljuk Empire, instrumental in its expansion and establishment as a major power in the Middle East.
Emperor Henry III was an English monarch who ruled during the 13th century, known for his extensive building projects and struggles with barons.
Emperor Louis IV was a Holy Roman Emperor and King of France who significantly influenced European politics and culture during the 14th century.
Charles VI, the Mad, was a King of France whose reign was marked by mental illness and political turmoil.
Gediminas was a Grand Duke of Lithuania, a skilled diplomat, and a pivotal figure in the establishment of Vilnius as the nation's capital.
Svitrigaila was a Lithuanian nobleman and Grand Duke, whose reign marked a period of political instability and dynastic struggle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.