Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer and polymath.
Nicolaus Copernicus was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon.
Isaac Newton was an English polymath, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author.
Michael Faraday was an influential British scientist, known for his pioneering work in electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
Alhazen was a pioneering Arab scientist, mathematician, and astronomer, renowned for his groundbreaking work in optics and the scientific method.