Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer, scientist, and statesman, considered one of the greatest literary figures in the German language.
Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher of the 17th century whose groundbreaking ideas on metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics continue to influence modern philosophy.
Alhazen was a pioneering Arab scientist, mathematician, and astronomer, renowned for his groundbreaking work in optics and the scientific method.