Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
Theodore Adorno was a visionary philosopher, sociologist, and musicologist, known for critiquing capitalism and modern culture.
German philosopher
Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, historian, and social scientist who co-founded Marxism with Karl Marx, shaping the course of modern socialism.
Walter Benjamin was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and essayist, known for his unique insights into the modern world and his contributions to the fields of aesthetics, literature, and cultural theory.
Leo Lowenthal was a German-American sociologist and critical theorist who significantly contributed to the study of mass culture and its effects on society.
Max Horkheimer was a German philosopher and sociologist who co-founded the influential Frankfurt School, a critical theory institution that analyzed society and culture through a Marxist lens.