Vladimir Lenin was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist who served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia.
Benjamin Franklin was a pivotal Founding Father, inventive genius, and legendary statesman who shaped early American history.
Michel de Montaigne was a celebrated French philosopher and author, renowned for pioneering the essay as a literary genre.
Jean-Paul Sartre was a renowned French philosopher, famed for his existentialist thoughts and contributions to 20th-century literature and philosophy.
Friedrich Engels was a German philosopher, historian, and social scientist who co-founded Marxism with Karl Marx, shaping the course of modern socialism.
Judith Butler is a renowned American philosopher and gender theorist whose groundbreaking work on gender performativity has shaped contemporary feminist and queer theory.
Otto Kirchheimer was a German-American political scientist and legal scholar known for his contributions to the study of authoritarian regimes and the rule of law.
Erich Fromm was a German-American social psychologist and philosopher who significantly impacted the fields of humanistic psychology and psychoanalysis, advocating for individual freedom and societal change.
Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist who significantly influenced modern social theory and developed the concept of bureaucracy.
Leo Lowenthal was a German-American sociologist and critical theorist who significantly contributed to the study of mass culture and its effects on society.
Herbert Marcuse, a German-American philosopher and sociologist, was a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School, known for his critical theory and advocacy for radical politics, influencing the New Left movement.
Hannah Arendt was a German-American political theorist known for her groundbreaking work on totalitarianism and the nature of power.
Hüseyin Çelik was a Turkish politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Culture in various Turkish governments.
Temel Karamollaoğlu is a Turkish politician and former leader of the Felicity Party, known for his conservative and Islamist views.
Devlet Bahçeli is a Turkish politician and leader of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP), influential in shaping Turkey's conservative landscape.
Ümit Özdağ is a Turkish politician and academic who served as the leader of the İYİ Party and a prominent figure in Turkish politics.
Doğu Perinçek is a Turkish politician, journalist, and former leader of the Patriotic Party, known for his nationalist and socialist views.
Gottfried Leibniz was a German philosopher and mathematician who co-developed calculus and shaped modern philosophy with his rationalist ideas.
Olympe de Gouges was a French playwright, abolitionist, and feminist who courageously advocated for women's rights and equality during the French Revolution.
Xi Jinping is the current leader of China, serving as the President and General Secretary of the Chinese Communist party.
Jeremy Bentham was a British philosopher, jurist, and social reformer who founded the modern utilitarian school of thought.
Han Fei was an influential Chinese philosopher and legalist whose teachings significantly shaped the political landscape of ancient China.
Daniel Webster was an American statesman and lawyer known for his oratory skills and influential role in shaping the U.S. Constitution.
Truong Chinh was a prominent Vietnamese revolutionary, politician, and writer, instrumental in the country's fight for independence and social justice.
Pham Van Dong was a prominent Vietnamese politician, serving as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1987, and a key figure in the country's reunification efforts.
Pietro Secchia was an influential Italian political leader, prominent in the Italian Communist party, and a key figure in the partisan resistance during World War II.
Wilhelm von Humboldt was a German philosopher, linguist, and statesman instrumental in founding the Humboldt University of Berlin and advancing the field of comparative linguistics.
Liu Shaoqi was a Chinese revolutionary, politician, and statesman who played a pivotal role in the establishment and development of the People's Republic of China.
Robert Nozick was an influential American philosopher known for his groundbreaking work on political philosophy, including his defense of minarchism and critique of state power.
Walter Lippmann, an influential American journalist and political commentator, shaped 20th-century media and political thought.