Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
Max Stirner was a 19th-century German philosopher known for his radical individualism and critique of religion and nationalism.
William of Ockham was a medieval philosopher and theologian known for his principle of parsimony, or "Occam's Razor," which emphasizes simplicity and skepticism in problem-solving.
Gottfried Leibniz was a German philosopher and mathematician who co-developed calculus and shaped modern philosophy with his rationalist ideas.
Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who developed a comprehensive metaphysical system, blending rationalism and mysticism.
Bertrand Russell was a renowned British philosopher, logician, and social critic, known for his contributions to mathematics, linguistics, and political activism.
Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher of the 17th century whose groundbreaking ideas on metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics continue to influence modern philosophy.
Ibn Rushd was a prominent Islamic philosopher, jurist, and physician from Andalusia, whose works greatly influenced Western philosophy and medieval Europe.
Le Corbusier was a Swiss-French architect, designer, and urban planner whose innovative ideas and modernist designs revolutionized the field of architecture.