Peter Abelard was a medieval French philosopher, theologian, and scholar who significantly shaped Christian thought and education.
John Scotus Eriugena was an influential 9th-century Irish theologian, philosopher, and translator who played a pivotal role in the development of Western thought.
William of Ockham was a medieval philosopher and theologian known for his principle of parsimony, or "Occam's Razor," which emphasizes simplicity and skepticism in problem-solving.