Karl Marx was a Jewish, German-born philosopher, economist, political theorist, historian, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist
Max Weber was a German sociologist and political economist who significantly influenced modern social theory and developed the concept of bureaucracy.
William Tyndale was a pioneering English scholar and translator who produced the first English Bible, defying Catholic Church authority.
Doğu Perinçek is a Turkish politician, journalist, and former leader of the Patriotic Party, known for his nationalist and socialist views.
Pierre de la Ramée was a French humanist, philosopher, and mathematician who pioneered the development of modern logic and critical thinking.
Juan Luis Vives was a Spanish Renaissance scholar, philosopher, and humanist who championed education reform and critical thinking in 16th-century Europe.
John Milton was a renowned English epic poet, best known for his masterpiece "Paradise Lost", which shaped the literary landscape of the 17th century.
Gottfried Leibniz was a German philosopher and mathematician who co-developed calculus and shaped modern philosophy with his rationalist ideas.
Baruch Spinoza was a 17th-century Dutch philosopher who developed a comprehensive metaphysical system, blending rationalism and mysticism.
Girolamo Cardano was a Renaissance Italian mathematician, physician, and gambler who invented the Cardan grille and wrote seminal works on probability and algebra.
Qian Mu was a renowned Chinese historian, philosopher, and educator, whose works significantly influenced modern Chinese historiography.
Democritus was an ancient Greek philosopher, known as the "father of modern science" for his groundbreaking ideas on atomism and the nature of reality.
Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher of the 17th century whose groundbreaking ideas on metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics continue to influence modern philosophy.
Humphry Davy was a renowned British chemist who pioneered electrochemistry, discovered several elements, and invented the Davy lamp.
Ibn Sina, also known as Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, philosopher, and physician whose extensive works laid foundations in various fields, including medicine, philosophy, and logic.