Galileo Galilei was an Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer and polymath.
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was a pioneering Russian rocket scientist and cosmonautics theorist, shaping future space exploration.
Antonie Pannekoek was a Dutch astronomer and socialist theorist who made significant contributions to the understanding of the cosmos and the development of Marxist thought.
Alhazen was a pioneering Arab scientist, mathematician, and astronomer, renowned for his groundbreaking work in optics and the scientific method.
Paul Feyerabend was an Austrian-born philosopher of science who challenged conventional notions of scientific method and progress.
Gregor Mendel, an Austrian scientist, is renowned as the father of modern genetics for his pioneering work on pea plants, establishing the principles of heredity.
Lynn Margulis was a pioneering American biologist who revolutionized the understanding of evolution and symbiosis through her theory of endosymbiosis.