Isaac Newton was an English polymath, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author.
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
Antonie Pannekoek was a Dutch astronomer and socialist theorist who made significant contributions to the understanding of the cosmos and the development of Marxist thought.
Lev Gumilev was a Russian historian, ethnologist, and philosopher who developed the theory of ethno genesis and explored the origins of national identity.