Confucius was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is considered the paragon of Chinese sages.
German philosopher
Erich Fromm was a German-American social psychologist and philosopher who significantly impacted the fields of humanistic psychology and psychoanalysis, advocating for individual freedom and societal change.
Leo Lowenthal was a German-American sociologist and critical theorist who significantly contributed to the study of mass culture and its effects on society.
Pierre Bourdieu was a French sociologist and philosopher who critically analyzed power structures, cultural reproduction, and social class, profoundly influencing social theory.
Herbert Marcuse, a German-American philosopher and sociologist, was a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School, known for his critical theory and advocacy for radical politics, influencing the New Left movement.
Max Horkheimer was a German philosopher and sociologist who co-founded the influential Frankfurt School, a critical theory institution that analyzed society and culture through a Marxist lens.
Walter Lippmann, an influential American journalist and political commentator, shaped 20th-century media and political thought.